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The Latin letter Ë (E-umlaut) has no relation to the Cyrillic letter Ё (Yo). The Latin letter Ë represents the sound sequence /je/ and thus corresponds to the Cyrillic letter Є in Ukrainian or Е in Russian. The Cyrillic Ѕ, Љ and Њ all originate in the Serbian and Macedonian alphabets and represent the same phonemes as in the CTA.
The Turkish alphabet (Turkish: Türk alfabesi) is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Turkish language, consisting of 29 letters, seven of which (Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş and Ü) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language.
Ottoman Turkish script was replaced by the Latin-based new Turkish alphabet.Its use became compulsory in all public communications in 1929. [6] [7] The change was formalized by the Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, [8] passed on November 1, 1928, and effective on January 1, 1929.
The pronunciation of some letters in the Turkish alphabet also differs from the pronunciation of said letters in most other languages using the Latin alphabet. For example, the pronunciation of the letter C in the Turkish alphabet is /d͡ʒ/, the equivalent of J in English, whereas in the English alphabet, it represents the / k / or / s / sound.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Turkish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
In native Turkic words, the velar consonants /k, ɡ/ are palatalized to [c, ɟ] (similar to Russian) when adjacent to the front vowels /e, i, œ, y/.Similarly, the consonant /l/ is realized as a clear or light [] next to front vowels (including word finally), and as a velarized [] next to the central and back vowels /a, ɯ, o, u/.
rare letters: x, y (except in loanwords) letter c rarely used except in the sequences listed above and in loanwords; long compound words; a period (.) after ordinal numbers, e.g. 3. Oktober; many capitalised words in the middle of sentences since German capitalizes all nouns.
This list of all two-letter combinations includes 1352 (2 × 26 2) of the possible 2704 (52 2) combinations of upper and lower case from the modern core Latin alphabet.A two-letter combination in bold means that the link links straight to a Wikipedia article (not a disambiguation page).