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The cones are stout and heavy, typically 8–15 cm (3.1–5.9 in) long and broad, and contain large, hard-shelled, but edible, pine nuts. [4] Like all pines, its needles are clustered into 'fascicles' that have a particular number of needles for each pine species; in the Torrey pine there are five needles in each fascicle.
"Birds also like grass clippings, dead leaves, straw, and pine needles," she says. Provide Water Sources Birds need access to clean, fresh water for bathing and for drinking.
The piñon pine (Pinus edulis) is a small to medium size tree, reaching 3.0–6.1 metres (10–20 ft) tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 80 centimetres (31 in), rarely more. Its growth is "at an almost inconceivably slow rate" growing only 1.8 meters (6 ft) in one hundred years under good conditions.
The edible seeds, pine nuts, are collected throughout its range; Native American of the Great Basin region commonly ate them. Various birds and mammals eat the seeds as well. [9] The roasted cones are also edible. [10] Individuals may harvest the seed for personal use on BLM and Forest Service land. [11]
The edible pine nut production has been decreasing in the affected area due to several factors, including pests and diseases. The fungus was found on needles, shoots and trunks of P. pinea and also on P. pinaster. Pestalotiopsis fungal species could represent a threat to the health of pine forests in the Mediterranean basin. [10]
Pinus flexilis is a member of the white pine group, Pinus subgenus Strobus, and like all members of that group, the leaves ('needles') are in fascicles (bundles) of five, [7] with a deciduous sheath. This distinguishes it from the lodgepole pine , with two needles per fascicle, and the bristlecone pines, which share five needles per fascicle ...
The crop is also well developed: up to 45 cc of needles [26] (about 10% of body mass) can be stored in the crop at the end of the day, to be digested over the duration of the night fast. Like other birds, spruce grouse consume clay, grit or small stones to help their gizzard break down food.
Add to all of this the fact that it takes a pine tree more than a decade to start to produce pine cones and pine nuts, and you’ve got yourself a long and arduous process that comes with a price ...
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