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Põhjamaad means both "Nordic countries" and "Northern countries" in the modern Estonian language.Whereas very few Estonians self-identify as Scandinavians, the ethnic Estonians' homeland has been almost invariably referred to as põhjamaa ("Northern country", instead of "Western" or "Eastern" country), both in Estonian popular culture and media, as well as in surveys of public opinion and ...
The term Baltic countries (or lands, or states) was, until the early 20th century, used in the context of countries neighbouring the Baltic Sea: Sweden and Denmark, sometimes also the German Empire and the Russian Empire. With the advent of Foreningen Norden (the Nordic Associations), the term Baltic countries was no longer used for Sweden and ...
Estonia has built close relationship with the Nordic countries, especially Finland and Sweden, and is a member of Nordic-Baltic Eight. [287] [297] Joint Nordic-Baltic projects include the education programme Nordplus [298] and mobility programmes for business and industry [299] and for public administration. [300]
In 1999, Estonia started to promote its Nordic heritage (see Nordic identity in Estonia) [65] while government of Sweden expressed regrets regarding the deportation of Estonian and Latvian soldiers to USSR in 1946. [66] [67] Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Finland joined NATO in 2023 as did Sweden a year later. [68] [69]
The Baltic Sea Region, alternatively the Baltic Rim countries (or simply the Baltic Rim), and the Baltic Sea countries/states, refers to the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea, including parts of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. [1] [2] [3] Unlike the "Baltic states", the Baltic region includes all countries that border the sea.
Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB8) is a regional co-operation format that includes Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, and Sweden.Under NB8, regular meetings are held of the Baltic and Nordic countries' Prime Ministers, Speakers of Parliaments, Foreign Ministers, branch ministers, Secretaries of State and political directors of Foreign Ministries, as well as expert ...
The Nordic identity among Estonians can ovelap with other identities, as it is associated with being Finno-Ugric and their close relationship with the Finnish people and does not exclude being Baltic. [32] In Estonian foreign ministry reports from the early 2000s Nordic identity was preferred over Baltic one. [33] [34]
The Northern Future Forum, the Nordic Investment Bank, the Nordic Battlegroup, the Nordic-Baltic Eight and the New Hanseatic League are other examples of Northern European cooperation that includes the three countries collectively referred to as the Baltic states. Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania