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[5] [3] Lastly, there are multiple conditions that may present similarly to autism spectrum disorder, including intellectual disability, hearing impairment, a specific language impairment [6] such as Landau–Kleffner syndrome, [7] ADHD, anxiety disorder, and psychotic disorders. [8]
The most common location is the midthoracic vertebrae, especially the eighth (T8). [6] Neurologic signs result from severe angulation of the spine, narrowing of the spinal canal, instability of the spine, and luxation or fracture of the vertebrae. Signs include rear limb weakness or paralysis, urinary or fecal incontinence, and spinal pain. [5]
The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the DSM-5, was approved by the Board of Trustees of the APA on December 1, 2012. [81] Published on May 18, 2013, [82] the DSM-5 contains extensively revised diagnoses and, in some cases, broadens diagnostic definitions while narrowing definitions in other ...
Unusual responses to sensory stimuli are more common and prominent in individuals with autism, and sensory abnormalities are commonly recognized as diagnostic criteria in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as reported in the DSM-5; although there is no good evidence that sensory symptoms differentiate autism from other developmental disorders. [97]
More specifically, prevalence estimates of catatonia among people with neurodevelopmental disorders (of which autism is one) have ranged from 6-20.2%, with the mean estimate falling at 9%; [1] similarly, in a recent meta-analysis of 12 studies of autistic catatonia, Vaquerizo-Serrano et al. suggest that catatonia is found in 10.4% of autistic ...
PDD-NOS was one of four disorders collapsed into the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in the DSM-5, [3] and also was one of the five disorders classified as a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in the DSM-IV. [4] The ICD-10 equivalents also became part of its definition of autism spectrum disorder, as of the ICD-11.
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of mental conditions affecting the development of the nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord.According to the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, published in 2013, these conditions generally appear in early childhood, usually before children start school, and can ...
The Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI) is a behavioral rating checklist created by Kenneth Gadow and Joyce Sprafkin that evaluates a range of behaviors related to common emotional and behavioral disorders identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder ...