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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. [1] Professor Marshall Urist and Professor Hari Reddi discovered their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage, BMPs are now considered to constitute a group of pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue architecture throughout the body.
Type 1 contains a glycine-serine-rich domain to be phosphorylated by type 2 kinase domain, initiating the signaling transduction pathway of the SMAD signaling cascade. [3] The wrist epitope motif on BMP-2 has a high-affinity binding site for BMPR-IA. The knuckle epitope motif on BMP-2 has a low-affinity binding site for BMPR-II. [4]
654 12161 Ensembl ENSG00000153162 n/a UniProt P22004 P20722 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001718 NM_007556 RefSeq (protein) NP_001709 NP_031582 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 7.73 – 7.88 Mb n/a PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Bone morphogenetic protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP6 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TGFβ superfamily. Bone ...
12156 Ensembl ENSG00000125845 ENSMUSG00000027358 UniProt P12643 P21274 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001200 NM_007553 RefSeq (protein) NP_001191 NP_031579 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 6.77 – 6.78 Mb Chr 2: 133.39 – 133.4 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Bone morphogenetic protein 2 or BMP-2 belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins. Function BMP-2 like other bone morphogenetic ...
BMPR2 is expressed on both human and animal granulosa cells, and is a crucial receptor for bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9). ). These two protein signaling molecules and their BMPR2-mediated effects play an important role in follicle development in preparation for ovulatio
The activation of this pathway has been documented in all cellular types analyzed up to date, including hepatocytes and HCC cells. [18] [19] GDF2 also triggers Smad-2/Smad-3 phosphorylation in different endothelial cell types. [20] [21] Another pathway for GDF2 is the induced non-canonical one. Little is known about this type of pathway in GDF2.
Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; it is also known as ALK-2 (activin receptor-like kinase-2). [5] ACVR1 has been linked to the 2q23-24 region of the genome. [6]
27302 12154 Ensembl ENSG00000163217 ENSMUSG00000030046 UniProt O95393 Q9R229 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_014482 NM_009756 RefSeq (protein) NP_055297 NP_033886 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 68.86 – 68.87 Mb Chr 6: 87.41 – 87.41 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP10 gene. BMP10 is a polypeptide ...