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Common side effects include blurry vision, increased intraocular pressure, and sensitivity to light. [3] Another rare but severe side effect is psychosis, particularly in children. [3] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the fetus. [5] Tropicamide is in the antimuscarinic part of the anticholinergic family of medications. [3]
Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication used for heart failure, esophageal spasms, and to treat and prevent chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart. [1] It has been found to be particularly useful in heart failure due to systolic dysfunction together with hydralazine. [2] [1] It is taken by mouth or under the tongue. [1]
The main discussion of these abbreviations in the context of drug prescriptions and other medical prescriptions is at List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions. Some of these abbreviations are best not used, as marked and explained here.
Routes of administration are usually classified by application location (or exposition). The route or course the active substance takes from application location to the location where it has its target effect is usually rather a matter of pharmacokinetics (concerning the processes of uptake, distribution, and elimination of drugs).
Some patients request to be switched to a different narcotic due to stigma associated with a particular drug (e.g. a patient refusing methadone due to its association with opioid addiction treatment). [4] Equianalgesic charts are also used when calculating an equivalent dosage of the same drug, but with a different route of administration.
By mouth it is used for dry mouth as a result of Sjögren syndrome or radiation therapy. [9] Common side effects of the eye drops include irritation of the eye, increased tearing, headache, and blurry vision. [1] Other side effects include allergic reactions and retinal detachment. [1] Use is generally not recommended during pregnancy. [10]
Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid that is clinically used to relieve the pain and discomfort of mouth ulcers and functions to speed the healing of mouth ulcers. [citation needed] Common side effects include: oral thrush, visual disturbances (e.g. blurry vision), worsening of diabetes, worsening of mouth infections, and allergic reactions (e.g. skin rash).
It is taken by mouth. [2] Common side effects include headache, diarrhea, dizziness, and cough. [2] Serious side effects may include decreased survival in those with heart failure, low platelets, and low white blood cells. [2] Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor which works by inhibiting platelet aggregation and dilating arteries. [2]