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Website with technical pdf-files about solar-sailing, including NASA report and lectures at Aerospace Engineering School of Rome University; Advanced Solar- and Laser-pushed Lightsail Concepts; Andrews, D. G. (2003). "Interstellar Transportation using Today's Physics" (PDF). AIAA Paper 2003-4691. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-03-11.
In the left-hand diagram (broad reach), the boat is on a point of sail, where the sail can no longer be aligned into the apparent wind to create an optimum angle of attack. Instead, the sail is in a stalled condition, creating about 80% of the lift as in the upwind examples and drag has doubled.
For thousands of years ship designers and builders of sailing vessels used rules of thumb based on the midship-section area to size the sails for a given vessel. The hull form and sail plan for the clipper ships, for example, evolved from experience, not from theory. It was not until the advent of steam power and the construction of large iron ...
The size of the different types of engines is an important factor in selecting what will be installed in a new ship. Slow speed two-stroke engines are much taller, but the footprint required is smaller than that needed for equivalently rated four-stroke medium speed diesel engines.
Light is reflected from the large primary sail to the secondary sail, which is used to decelerate the secondary sail and the spacecraft payload. [60] In 2002, Geoffrey A. Landis of NASA 's Glen Research center also proposed a laser-powered, propulsion, sail ship that would host a diamond sail (of a few nanometers thick) powered with the use of ...
A 1 km long mass driver made of superconducting coils can accelerate a 20 kg vehicle to 10.5 km/s at a conversion efficiency of 80%, and average acceleration of 5,600 g. [ 10 ] Earth-based mass drivers for propelling vehicles to orbit, such as the StarTram concept, would require considerable capital investment. [ 11 ]
Laser broom – is a proposed ground-based laser beam-powered propulsion system whose purpose is to sweep space debris out of the path of other artificial satellites such as the International Space Station. It would heat one side of an object enough to change its orbit and make it hit the atmosphere sooner.
The larger the size number, the smaller the wire diameter. AWIS Aviation weather information service [6] Available at FSS: AWO All weather operations AWOS Automated weather observation system [6] Automated METAR reporting system AWWS Aviation weather web site [8] In Canada