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The Tigray war [b] was an armed conflict that lasted from 3 November 2020 [a] to 3 November 2022. [43] [44] It was a civil war [45] that was primarily fought in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia between forces allied to the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side, and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) on the other.
The Ethiopia–Tigray peace agreement, also called the Pretoria Agreement [A] or the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement (CoHA), is a peace treaty between the government of Ethiopia and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) that was signed 2 November 2022, wherein both parties agreed to a "permanent cessation of hostilities" to end the Tigray war.
A conflict between the goals of centralised versus federalised political power between the federal Ethiopian government headed by prime minister Abiy Ahmed and the former dominating party of Ethiopia, the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), that retained power in the Tigray Region, emerged in 2019 and 2020. [1]
After two years of shifting alliances and conflicts, TPLF and the Ethiopian government signed a peace treaty in Pretoria on 2 November 2022. However, sporadic civil conflicts continued such as the Gambela unrest, OLA insurgency, and War in Amhara, the latter two carried out by OLA and Fano militants against the federal government.
The Mekelle offensive was a military campaign fought at the start of the Tigray War between the national armed forces of Ethiopia and the Tigray Region.The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) launched an offensive aimed at seizing the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) controlled regional capital of Mekelle starting on 17 November 2020.
On 3–4 November 2020, [a] forces loyal to the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) launched attacks on the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) Northern Command headquarters in Mekelle [5] and bases in Adigrat, [3] Agula, [3] Dansha, [4] and Sero [1] in the Tigray Region, marking the beginning of the Tigray War. [5]
On 2 December, Ethiopia and the UN signed a deal in which the UN will open humanitarian access in federally controlled land to help people displaced as a result of the conflict. [135] [136] Tigray's population of 6 million people have been battling hunger and food shortages since the eruption of violence between the federal government and the ...
A study titled "Rape survivors’ experience in Tigray: a qualitative study" explores the devastating impact of sexual violence on women and girls in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. [17] [4] Through in-depth interviews with ten survivors, the study reveals the widespread nature of rape and its severe psychological and physical consequences. The ...