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People in other European countries began asking for representation, as well. In the Philippines, this idea spread through the writings of criollo writers, such as Luis Rodríguez Varela, who called himself "Conde Filipino" (Earl of the Philippines). [50] This was the first time that a colonist called himself a Filipino rather than a Spanish ...
During World War II, over 200,000 Filipinos fought in defense of the United States against the Japanese in the Pacific theater of military operations, where more than half died. As a commonwealth of the United States before and during the war, Filipinos were legally American nationals.
Pre-colonial Filipinos made excellent armor for use on the battlefield, and swords were an important part of native weaponry. In some parts of the Philippines, armor was made from diverse materials such as cordage , bamboo, tree bark, sharkskin, and water buffalo hide to deflect piercing blows by cutlasses or spear points.
Wounded Japanese troops surrender to US and Filipino soldiers in Manila, 1945. The military history of the Philippines is characterized by wars between Philippine kingdoms [1] and its neighbors in the precolonial era and then a period of struggle against colonial powers such as Spain and the United States, occupation by the Empire of Japan during World War II and participation in Asian ...
The Spanish established Manila as the capital of the Captaincy General of the Philippines. Direct Spanish rule did not extend far beyond Manila. [9]: 208 Due to the small number of Spanish officials on the islands, which numbered in the tens, locals were relied upon for administration. Existing datus were co-opted to manage barangays and ...
Philip II became King of Spain on January 16, 1556, when his father, Charles V, abdicated both the Spanish and HRE thrones, the latter went to his uncle, Ferdinand I. On his return to Spain in 1559, the king ordered an expedition to the Spice Islands, stating that its purpose was "to discover the islands of the west". [ 41 ]
The Philippine Army was drawn from local Christian and Muslim Filipinos, including native Filipinos, Filipino-Mestizos, Spanish-Filipinos, Chinese-Filipinos and Moro-Filipinos. By the time of the Japanese invasion the 10 reserve divisions were about two-thirds mobilized, for a force of 100,000 "poorly equipped and trained" troops.
English, Spanish: Japanese, Filipino, Spanish: English, Filipino: State Religion None; Islam in sultanates Roman Catholicism: Separation of church and state: Invasions and Insurgencies The Cordillera region was unified after the long clan wars between the Clans and tribes of Ifugao and Kalinga warlords because of land resources.