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Photosensitivity with HIV infection is a skin condition resembling polymorphous light eruption, actinic prurigo, or chronic actinic dermatitis, seen in about 5% of HIV-infected people. [ 1 ] : 38
HIV-associated pruritus is a cutaneous condition, an itchiness of the skin, that occurs in up to 30% of HIV infected people, occurs when the T-cell count drops below 400 per cubic mm. [1]: 417 See also
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS.Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores.
Pruritic papular eruption (PPE) is characterized chronic pruritus and symmetric papular and pustular on the extensor surfaces of the arms, dorsum of the hands, trunk, and face with sparing of the palms and soles.
HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4 + T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. It directly and indirectly destroys CD4 + T cells. [88] HIV is a member of the genus Lentivirus, [89] part of the family Retroviridae. [90] Lentiviruses share many morphological and biological characteristics.
When people are exposed to HIV-positive infectious bodily fluids either through skin puncture, contact with mucous membranes or contact with damaged skin, they are at risk for acquiring HIV. Pooled estimates give a risk of transmission with puncture exposures of 0.3% [ 115 ] and mucous membrane exposures 0.63%. [ 116 ]
The risk of HIV transmission with a skin puncture is estimated at 0.3%. [6] If the status of the source patient is unknown, their blood should be tested for HIV as soon as possible following exposure. The injured person can start antiretroviral drugs for PEP as soon as possible, preferably within three days of exposure. [28]
Eosinophilic folliculitis is an itchy rash with an unknown cause that is most common among individuals with HIV, though it can occur in HIV-negative individuals where it is known by the eponym Ofuji disease. [2] EF consists of itchy red bumps centered on hair follicles and typically found on the upper body, sparing the abdomen and legs.