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  2. Loaded language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loaded_language

    Politicians employ euphemisms, [11] and study how to use them effectively: which words to use or avoid using to gain political advantage or disparage an opponent. . Speechwriter and journalist Richard Heller gives the example that it is common for a politician to advocate "investment in public services," because it has a more favorable connotation than "publ

  3. Psychographic segmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychographic_segmentation

    Psychographic segmentation has been used in marketing research as a form of market segmentation which divides consumers into sub-groups based on shared psychological characteristics, including subconscious or conscious beliefs, motivations, and priorities to explain, and predict consumer behavior. [1]

  4. Cognitive response model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_response_model

    Research supporting the model shows that persuasion is powerfully affected by the amount of self-talk that occurs in response to a message. [4] The degree to which the self-talk supports the message and the confidence that recipients express in the validity of that self-talk further support the cognitive response model.

  5. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    Attribution (psychology) – Process by which individuals explain causes of behavior and events; Black swan theory – Theory of response to surprise events; Chronostasis – Distortion in the perception of time; Cognitive distortion – Exaggerated or irrational thought pattern; Defence mechanism – Unconscious psychological mechanism

  6. Cognitive bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_bias

    [6] For example, the representativeness heuristic is defined as "The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood" of an occurrence by the extent of which the event "resembles the typical case." [13] The "Linda Problem" illustrates the representativeness heuristic (Tversky & Kahneman, 1983 [14]). Participants were given a description of "Linda ...

  7. Pratfall effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratfall_effect

    In social psychology, the pratfall effect is the tendency for interpersonal appeal to change after an individual makes a mistake, depending on the individual's perceived competence. In particular, highly competent individuals tend to become more likeable after committing mistakes, while average-seeming individuals tend to become less likeable ...

  8. Propaganda techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_techniques

    Often used by recruiters and salesmen. For example, the perpetrator walks up to the victim and pins a flower or gives a small gift to the victim. The victim says thanks and now they have incurred a psychological debt to the perpetrator. The person eventually asks for a larger favor (e.g., a donation or to buy something far more expensive).

  9. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    For example, when predicting how a person will react to a situation, inductive reasoning can be employed based on how the person reacted previously in similar circumstances. It plays an equally central role in the sciences, which often start with many particular observations and then apply the process of generalization to arrive at a universal law.