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In enzymology, a xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of D-xylose and D-xylulose. This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases , specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses .
In this pathway the enzyme xylose isomerase converts D-xylose directly into D-xylulose. D-xylulose is then phosphorylated to D-xylulose-5-phosphate as in the oxido-reductase pathway. At equilibrium, the isomerase reaction results in a mixture of 83% D-xylose and 17% D-xylulose because the conversion of xylose to xylulose is energetically ...
The enzyme requires a divalent cation such as Co 2+ and Mg 2+ for peak activity, an additional cost to manufacturers. Glucose isomerase also has a much higher affinity for xylose than for glucose, necessitating a carefully controlled environment. [24]
To make HFCS, the corn syrup is further processed by D-xylose isomerase to convert some of its glucose into fructose. HFCS was first marketed in the early 1970s by the Clinton Corn Processing Company, together with the Japanese Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, where the enzyme was discovered in 1965. [3]: 5
EC 5.3.1.15: D-lyxose ketol-isomerase; EC 5.3.1.16: 1-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5-[(5-phosphoribosylamino)methylideneamino]imidazole-4-carboxamide isomerase; EC 5.3.1.17: 5-dehydro-4-deoxy-D-glucuronate isomerase; EC 5.3.1.18: deleted: reaction is due to EC 5.3.1.9 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, in the presence of arsenate, or EC 5.3.1.5 xylose isomerase
"The Streptomyces rubiginosus xylose isomerase is misfolded when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 32 (2): ...
"The 3.0 A crystal structure of xylose isomerase from Streptomyces olivochromogenes". Protein Engineering. 1 (6): 459–66. ... Enzymes in food technology (2nd ed ...
In enzymology, a D-lyxose ketol-isomerase (EC 5.3.1.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction D-lyxose ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-xylulose Hence, this enzyme has one substrate , D-lyxose , and one product , D-xylulose .