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Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with approximately two-thirds the density of air. Neon was discovered in 1898 alongside krypton and xenon, identified as one of the three remaining rare inert elements in dry air after the removal of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide.
Neon hydrate or neon clathrate, a clathrate, can form in ice II at 480 MPa pressure between 70 K and 260 K. [26] Other neon hydrates are also predicted resembling hydrogen clathrate, and those clathrates of helium. These include the C 0, ice I h and ice I c forms. [26] Neon atoms can be trapped inside fullerenes such as C 60 and C 70.
Neon in an electrical discharge tube. Neon has a density of 9.002 × 10 −4 g/cm 3, liquifies at −245.95 °C, and solidifies at −248.45 °C. It has the narrowest liquid range of any element and, in liquid form, has over 40 times the refrigerating capacity of liquid helium and three times that of liquid hydrogen.
Density is the amount of mass per unit volume of a substance, or the inverse of specific volume. For gases, the density can vary over a wide range because the particles are free to move closer together when constrained by pressure or volume. This variation of density is referred to as compressibility. Like pressure and temperature, density is a ...
When an electron is forced into liquid helium rather than floating on its surface, it forms a bubble rather than entering the liquid. The size of this bubble is determined by three main factors (ignoring small corrections): the confinement term, the surface tension term, and the pressure-volume term.
A consequence of this behavior is Pascal's law which describes the role of pressure in characterizing a fluid's state. The behavior of fluids can be described by the Navier–Stokes equations—a set of partial differential equations which are based on: continuity (conservation of mass), conservation of linear momentum, conservation of angular ...
In thermodynamics, the bubble point is the temperature (at a given pressure) where the first bubble of vapor is formed when heating a liquid consisting of two or more components. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Given that vapor will probably have a different composition than the liquid, the bubble point (along with the dew point ) at different compositions are ...
The pressure on a pressure-temperature diagram (such as the water phase diagram shown above) is the partial pressure of the substance in question. A phase diagram in physical chemistry , engineering , mineralogy , and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct ...