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H-beam sections (typical column sections, due to resistance to bending in all axis) may be driven at angles "raked" to rock or other firmer soils; the H-beams are left extended above the base. A reinforced concrete plug may be placed under the water, a process known as tremie concrete placement. When the caisson is dewatered, this plug acts as ...
An illustration exists of a unitless E – Y diagram and how Energy and depth of flow change throughout a Parshall Flume. The two blue lines represent the q values, q 1 for the flow before the constriction, and q 2 representing the value at the constriction (q = Q/b = ft 2 /s, or flow over width in a rectangular channel).
A sanitary manhole under construction. A sanitary manhole (sewer manhole, [1] sanitary sewer manhole [2] or sewer maintenance hole [3]) is a manhole that is used as an access point for maintenance and inspection of an underground sanitary sewer system. Sanitary manholes are sometimes used as vents to prevent the buildup of pressurized sewage ...
The larger line enters from the right and changes direction within the manhole to exit from the top of the photo. A smaller line enters from the bottom of the photo under the access steps. The concrete floor of the manhole has channels to minimize accumulation of solids. Interior of a large sanitary sewer viewed from an access manhole chamber.
In order to form a watertight unit, a packaged metering manhole is provided with a solid fiberglass base at the bottom of the manhole barrel. The base can serve not only as the bottom of the manhole, but also as a means of anchoring the manhole to a concrete slab (required to counteract the buoyant forces on the manhole).
Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a water treatment process that clarifies wastewaters (or other waters) by the removal of suspended matter such as oil or solids. The removal is achieved by dissolving air in the water or wastewater under pressure and then releasing the air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank basin. The released air forms ...
Manhole closings are protected by a grating or manhole cover, a flat plug designed to prevent accidental or unauthorized access to the manhole. These covers are traditionally made of metal, [2] but may be constructed from precast concrete, glass reinforced plastic or other composite materials (especially where cover theft is of concern ...
Induced gas flotation (IGF) is a water treatment process that clarifies wastewater (or other waters) by removing suspended matter such as oil or solids. The removal is achieved by injecting gas bubbles into the water or wastewater in a flotation tank or basin.