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Thus, conformity is sometimes a product of group communication. [2] This tendency to conform occurs in small groups and/or in society as a whole and may result from subtle unconscious influences (predisposed state of mind), or from direct and overt social pressure. Conformity can occur in the presence of others, or when an individual is alone.
Problems in the mitwelt center on integration vs. isolation, or individuality vs. conformity. The individual is tasked with the responsibility to achieve a balance between these opposing states in order to derive existential meaning from a social group while maintaining one's autonomy.
There are three processes of attitude change as defined by Harvard psychologist Herbert Kelman in a 1958 paper published in the Journal of Conflict Resolution. [1] The purpose of defining these processes was to help determine the effects of social influence: for example, to separate public conformity (behavior) from private acceptance (personal belief).
This category covers psychological and sociological theories and processes of conformity and groupthinking This category is often contrasted with Deviance (sociology) . Subcategories
Groupthink is sometimes stated to occur (more broadly) within natural groups within the community, for example to explain the lifelong different mindsets of those with differing political views (such as "conservatism" and "liberalism" in the U.S. political context [7] or the purported benefits of team work vs. work conducted in solitude). [8]
The Asch conformity experiments are often interpreted as evidence for the power of conformity and normative social influence, [18] [19] [20] where normative influence is the willingness to conform publicly to attain social reward and avoid social punishment. [21]
The Crutchfield Situation was an experimental procedure and apparatus created by Richard S. Crutchfield in 1955 to study conformity. Essentially, the Crutchfield Situation was an attempt to improve upon the methodology employed in the Asch conformity experiments. One of the major criticisms concerning the Asch studies was the need for many ...
Related phenomena, such as the spiral of silence and false consensus effect, demonstrate that pluralistic ignorance is not unique in its inaccurate assumption of others' opinions and these misconceptions can lead to negative consequences like groupthink and the bystander effect. [10] [11]