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  2. Glossary of botanical terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms

    column 1. A structure extending above the ovary and incorporating the style and stamen s also known as the gynostegium, e.g. in orchids and milkweeds. 2. In grasses, the lower, stouter, and usually twisted part of an awn, distinct from the slender upper part or bristle. columnar Shaped like a column. coma 1.

  3. Classical order - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_order

    The shaft is wider at the bottom than at the top, because its entasis, beginning a third of the way up, imperceptibly makes the column slightly more slender at the top, although some Doric columns, especially early Greek ones, are visibly "flared", with straight profiles that narrow going up the shaft. The capital rests on the shaft.

  4. Slenderness ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slenderness_ratio

    111 West 57th Street in Midtown Manhattan is the world's most slender skyscraper. In architecture, the slenderness ratio, or simply slenderness, is an aspect ratio, the quotient between the height and the width of a building. In structural engineering, slenderness is used to calculate the propensity of a column to buckle.

  5. Buckling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckling

    If the ratio is greater than 10, it is considered a long column (sometimes referred to as a slender column). Timber columns may be classified as short columns if the ratio of the length to least dimension of the cross section is equal to or less than 10. The dividing line between intermediate and long timber columns cannot be readily evaluated.

  6. Johnson's parabolic formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson's_parabolic_formula

    The slenderness ratio is an indicator of the specimen's resistance to bending and buckling, due to its length and cross section. If the slenderness ratio is less than the critical slenderness ratio, the column is considered to be a short column. In these cases, the Johnson parabola is more applicable than the Euler formula. [5]

  7. Euler's critical load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_critical_load

    Fig. 1: Critical stress vs slenderness ratio for steel, for E = 200 GPa, yield strength = 240 MPa. Euler's critical load or Euler's buckling load is the compressive load at which a slender column will suddenly bend or buckle. It is given by the formula: [1] = where

  8. Reinforced concrete column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_Concrete_Column

    A reinforced concrete column is a structural member designed to carry compressive loads, composed of concrete with an embedded steel frame to provide reinforcement. For design purposes, the columns are separated into two categories: short columns and slender columns.

  9. Sthenoteuthis pteropus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sthenoteuthis_pteropus

    The head is not retractable, the arms have blunt tips and there is a marked crest on the outer surface of the third pair. The tentacles are slender and the terminal sections are armed with a transverse row of large toothed suckers and other smaller suckers for capturing prey, and the column with a fixing apparatus of knobs and small suckers.