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Hispanic adolescents have a slightly lower self-esteem than their black and white peers, but then slightly higher levels by age 30. [48] [49] African Americans have a sharper increase in self-esteem in adolescence and young adulthood compared to Whites. However, during old age, they experience a more rapid decline in self-esteem.
The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory is a self-report questionnaire developed in 1981 to measure attitudes toward the self among children, adolescents and adults. [46] The inventory comes in three forms: School Form (ages 8-15 years), Adult Form (ages 16 and above) and Short Form.
There are 56 self-report questions that screen for symptoms in 10 major categories of depression: dysphoric mood, low self-esteem, agitation, sleep disturbance, change in school performance, diminished socialization, change in attitude towards school, somatic complaints, loss of usual energy, and unusual change in weight and/or appetite. [1]
Barometric self-esteem" fluctuates rapidly and can cause severe distress and anxiety, but baseline self-esteem remains highly stable across adolescence. [130] The validity of global self-esteem scales has been questioned, and many suggest that more specific scales might reveal more about the adolescent experience. [ 131 ]
This time is characterized by deep introspection, self-examination, and the pursuit of self-understanding. Adolescents are confronted with questions regarding their identity, beliefs, and future goals. The major problem is building a strong sense of identity in the face of society standards, peer pressure, and personal preferences.
It uses a scale of 0–30, where a score less than 15 may indicate problematic low self-esteem. [2] Although the instrument was developed for use with adolescents, it has been widely used in research on adults. [3] [4] The RSES is designed similar to the social-survey questionnaires.
With these understandings of self-esteem and self-compassion during adolescence, we can see how personal fable and egocentrism plays a role in the development of these self-concepts can greatly impact the way an adolescent views themselves and who they believe they are. If one is using personal fable to an extent that they constantly believe ...
One aspect of the adolescence-adulthood transition that Donnellan has primarily focused on is self-esteem. He researched the pros and cons of high and low global self-esteem, which reflects a person's overall evaluation of personal value and adequacy in relation to their ideal perception of who they are as a person. [4]