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The Fick principle states that blood flow to an organ can be calculated using a marker substance if the following information is known: Amount of marker substance taken up by the organ per unit time; Concentration of marker substance in arterial blood supplying the organ; Concentration of marker substance in venous blood leaving the organ
Arterial input function (AIF), also known as a plasma input function, refers to the concentration of tracer in blood-plasma in an artery measured over time. The oldest record on PubMed shows that AIF was used by Harvey et al. [1] in 1962 to measure the exchange of materials between red blood cells and blood plasma, and by other researchers in 1983 for positron emission tomography (PET) studies.
The rate of blood flow out of the heart (often expressed in L/min) is known as the cardiac output (CO). Blood being pumped out of the heart first enters the aorta , the largest artery of the body. It then proceeds to divide into smaller and smaller arteries, then into arterioles , and eventually capillaries , where oxygen transfer occurs.
The modified Allen's test is also performed prior to heart bypass surgery. The radial artery is occasionally used as a conduit for bypass surgery, and its patency lasts longer in comparison to the saphenous veins. Prior to heart bypass surgery, the test is performed to assess the suitability of the radial artery to be used as a conduit.
Blood flow is one the most important factors affecting the delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to tissues. Abnormal blood flow is associated with many diseases such as stroke and cancer. Tumors from cancer can generate abnormal tumor blood flow compared to the surrounding tissue. Current treatments attempt to decrease blood flow to cancer cells.
Coronary flow reserve is used in diagnostics and treatment of patients with conditions such as coronary artery disease and syndrome X. [7] In the treatment of these conditions, vasodilators are used to allow sufficient blood to flow past a stenosis, for example, and the measurement of CFR enables the efficacy of such interventions to be measured.
Myocardial perfusion imaging or scanning (also referred to as MPI or MPS) is a nuclear medicine procedure that illustrates the function of the heart muscle (). [1]It evaluates many heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), [2] hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart wall motion abnormalities.
Apical four chamber ultrasound view of heart. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) uses ultrasonic waves for continuous heart chamber and blood movement visualization. It is the most commonly used imaging tool for diagnosing heart problems, as it allows non-invasive visualization of the heart and the blood flow through the heart, using a technique known as Doppler.
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