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Calcium chloride was apparently discovered in the 15th century but wasn't studied properly until the 18th century. [11] It was historically called "fixed sal ammoniac" (Latin: sal ammoniacum fixum [12]) because it was synthesized during the distillation of ammonium chloride with lime and was nonvolatile (while the former appeared to sublime); in more modern times (18th-19th cc.) it was called ...
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise.
The second water in the formula unit is hydrogen-bonded to the chloride and to the coordinated water molecule. Water of crystallization is stabilized by electrostatic attractions, consequently hydrates are common for salts that contain +2 and +3 cations as well as −2 anions. In some cases, the majority of the weight of a compound arises from ...
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
A colorful example is cobalt(II) chloride, which turns from blue to red upon hydration, and can therefore be used as a water indicator.. The notation "hydrated compound⋅n H 2 O", where n is the number of water molecules per formula unit of the salt, is commonly used to show that a salt is hydrated.
Although the exact temperature can be hard to control, the weight ratio of salt to ice influences the temperature: −10 °C can be achieved with a 1:2.5 mass ratio of calcium chloride hemihydrate to ice. −20 °C can be achieved with a 1:3 mass ratio of sodium chloride to ice. [citation needed]
Calcium hydroxychloride is sometimes confused with calcium hypochlorite. Calcium hydroxychloride is a double salt, which consists of calcium cations Ca 2+ and two kinds of anions, chloride Cl − and hydroxide − OH, while calcium hypochlorite consists of calcium cations Ca 2+ and only one kind of anions, hypochlorite − OCl.
Strontium chloride can be prepared by treating aqueous strontium hydroxide or strontium carbonate with hydrochloric acid: . Sr(OH) 2 + 2 HCl → SrCl 2 + 2 H 2 O Crystallization from cold aqueous solution gives the hexahydrate, SrCl 2 ·6H 2 O. Dehydration of this salt occurs in stages, commencing above 61 °C (142 °F).