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The Atterberg limits can be used to distinguish between silt and clay and to distinguish between different types of silts and clays. The water content at which soil changes from one state to the other is known as consistency limits, or Atterberg's limit. These limits were created by Albert Atterberg, a Swedish chemist and agronomist, in 1911. [1]
Atterberg limits measure the plasticity index (PI) and liquid limit (LL) to determine soil behavior, where PI over 35 indicates high expansion potential, and LL over 50 suggests significant swelling characteristics. [3] A free swell test measures the free swell index (FSI) by comparing the volume of dry soil in water to its volume in kerosene ...
Albert Mauritz Atterberg (19 March 1846 – 4 April 1916) was a Swedish chemist and agricultural scientist who created the Atterberg limits, which are commonly referred to by geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists today. In Sweden he is equally known for creating the Atterberg grainsize scale, which remains the one in use.
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Atterberg limits The Atterberg limits define the boundaries of several states of consistency for plastic soils. The boundaries are defined by the amount of water a soil needs to be at one of those boundaries. The boundaries are called the plastic limit and the liquid limit, and the difference between them is called the plasticity index.
For 2025, the monthly SGA limit is $2,700 for blind individuals and $1,600 for non-blind recipients. Like the earnings test and taxable maximum, the SGA limit corresponds with a wage index but can ...
[9] [clarification needed] Alternatively, a fall cone test apparatus may be used to measure the liquid limit. The undrained shear strength of remolded soil at the liquid limit is approximately 2 kPa. [4] [10] The plastic limit is the water content below which it is not possible to roll by hand the soil into 3 mm diameter cylinders. The soil ...