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The Svalbard Archipelago is in the Arctic Ocean, 650 mi (1,050 km) from the North Pole and a similar distance to Norway to the south. The islands are mountainous, with permanently snow-covered peaks, some glaciated; there are occasional river terraces at the bottom of steep valleys and some coastal plains.
The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 [18] defines Svalbard as all islands, islets, and skerries from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] The land area is 61,022 km 2 (23,561 sq mi), and dominated by the island of Spitsbergen, which constitutes more than half the archipelago, followed by Nordaustlandet and ...
The first scientific expedition to Svalbard was the Russian Čičagov Expedition between 1764 and 1766, which passed Svalbard in an unsuccessful attempt to find the Northern Sea Route. It made among water and topography measurements. [29] The second expedition was organized by the Royal Navy and led by Constantine Phipps in 1773.
After Germany occupied Norway in 1940 and Adolf Hitler’s troops invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, Svalbard became a key point of military contestation. Arctic Convoys from the U.S. were critical ...
Operation Gauntlet was an Allied Combined Operation from 25 August until 3 September 1941, during the Second World War.Canadian, British and the Norwegian armed forces in exile (Utefronten, Outside Front) landed on the Norwegian island of Spitzbergen in the Svalbard Archipelago, 650 mi (1,050 km) south of the North Pole.
Tryggvi the Pretender's invasion of Norway (1033) North Sea Empire: Tryggvi the Pretender Invasion failed. Death of Tryggvi the Pretender; Norwegian-Wendish War (1043) Kingdom of Norway: Wends. Danish Rebels; Victory. Destruction the Viking fort Jomsborg, possibly to destroy the Danish competitors to the throne. Plundering of the Wendish town ...
The Svalbard Archipelago is in the Arctic Ocean 650 mi (1,050 km) from the North Pole and a similar distance north of Norway. The islands are mountainous, the peaks permanently snow-covered, some glaciated; there are occasional river terraces at the bottom of steep valleys and some coastal plain.
The Governor of Svalbard (Norwegian: Sysselmesteren) is the principal representative of the Government of Norway in Svalbard. [44] The institution is located in Longyearbyen and has since 2021 been led by Governor Lars Fause . [ 45 ]