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Manganese(III) oxide is formed by the redox reaction in an alkaline cell: 2 MnO 2 + Zn → Mn 2 O 3 + ZnO [citation needed] Manganese(III) oxide Mn 2 O 3 must not be confused with MnOOH manganese(III) oxyhydroxide. Contrary to Mn 2 O 3, MnOOH is a compound that decomposes at about 300 °C to form MnO 2.
Manganese(II,III) oxide is the chemical compound with formula Mn 3 O 4. Manganese is present in two oxidation states +2 and +3 and the formula is sometimes written as MnO · Mn 2 O 3 . Mn 3 O 4 is found in nature as the mineral hausmannite .
Manganese oxide is any of a variety of manganese oxides and hydroxides. [1] These include Manganese(II) oxide, MnO; Manganese(II,III) oxide, Mn 3 O 4; Manganese(III) oxide, Mn 2 O 3; Manganese dioxide, MnO 2; Manganese(VI) oxide, MnO 3; Manganese(VII) oxide, Mn 2 O 7; Other manganese oxides include Mn 5 O 8, Mn 7 O 12 and Mn 7 O 13.
Each state is given its molecular-symmetry label (e.g. A 1g , T 2g , etc.), but "g" and "u" subscripts are usually left off because it is understood that all the states are gerade . Labels for each state are usually written on the right side of the table, though for more complicated diagrams (e.g. d 6 ) labels may be written in other locations ...
For example, an NMC molar composition of 33% nickel, 33% manganese, and 33% cobalt would abbreviate to NMC111 (also NMC333 or NCM333) and have a chemical formula of LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2. A composition of 50% nickel, 30% manganese, and 20% cobalt would be called NMC532 (or NCM523) and have the formula LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 .
Manganese(II) nitrate is prepared from manganese dioxide and nitrogen dioxide: [1]. MnO 2 + 2 NO 2 + 4 H 2 O → Mn(H 2 O) 4 (NO 3) 2. In this redox reaction, two moles of the reductant NO 2 (gas) donate each one electron to MnO 2 (black solid), the oxidant, which is reduced from its oxidation state (IV) to its lower state (II).
Mulliken charges arise from the Mulliken population analysis [1] [2] and provide a means of estimating partial atomic charges from calculations carried out by the methods of computational chemistry, particularly those based on the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method, and are routinely used as variables in linear regression (QSAR [3]) procedures. [4]
Manganese(IV) oxide was used in the original type of dry cell battery as an electron acceptor from zinc, and is the blackish material in carbon–zinc type flashlight cells. The manganese dioxide is reduced to the manganese oxide-hydroxide MnO(OH) during discharging, preventing the formation of hydrogen at the anode of the battery. [82]