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Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the harmful effects of inbreeding. Animals only rarely exhibit inbreeding avoidance. [ 1 ]
The avoidance of expression of such deleterious recessive alleles caused by inbreeding, via inbreeding avoidance mechanisms, is the main selective reason for outcrossing. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Crossbreeding between populations sometimes has positive effects on fitness-related traits, [ 8 ] but also sometimes leads to negative effects known as outbreeding ...
Kin recognition is an adaptive behavior observed in living beings to prevent inbreeding, and increase fitness of populations, individuals and genes. Kin recognition is the key to successful reciprocal altruism , a behavior that increases reproductive success of both organisms involved.
Fear of mice and rats is one of the most common specific phobias. It is sometimes referred to as musophobia (from Greek μῦς " mouse ") or murophobia (a coinage from the taxonomic adjective "murine" for the family Muridae that encompasses mice and rats , and also Latin mure "mouse/rat"), or as suriphobia , from French souris , "mouse".
Behavioral sink" is a term invented by ethologist John B. Calhoun to describe a collapse in behavior that can result from overpopulation. The term and concept derive from a series of over-population experiments Calhoun conducted on Norway rats between 1958 and 1962. [ 1 ]
"The period before World War I led to the initiation of inbreeding in rats by Dr Helen King in about 1909 and in mice by Dr C. C. Little in 1909. The latter project led to the development of the DBA strain of mice, now widely distributed as the two major sub-strains DBA/1 and DBA/2, which were separated in 1929-1930.
Female mice in the dangerous living environment group, showed higher levels of fecal corticosterone, and minimal maternal care compared to the females in the safe environment group. Furthermore, a dangerous environment inherently provides infanticide threats to female mice, increasing the likelihood that corticosterone concentrations will ...
Tryon then mated the “bright” males with “bright” females, and “dull” males with “dull” females. After their children matured, Tryon repeated the maze test with them, and again separated the “bright” and the “dull”, again breeding “bright” with “bright” and “dull” with “dull”.