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Re-entry is divided into two major types: [Anatomically Defined] re-entry and [Functionally Defined] re-entry. The circus movement can occur around an anatomical or functional core. Either type may occur alone, or together. [citation needed] Anatomically defined re-entry has a fixed anatomic pathway. Anomalous conduction via accessory pathways ...
Cardiac stress testing is used to determine to assess cardiac function and to disclose evidence of exertion-related cardiac hypoxia. Radionuclide testing using thallium or technetium can be used to demonstrate areas of perfusion abnormalities. With a maximal stress test the level of exercise is increased until the person's heart rate will not ...
The main symptom of AVNRT is the sudden development of rapid regular palpitations. [1] These palpitations may be associated with a fluttering sensation in the neck, caused by near-simultaneous contraction of the atria and ventricles against a closed tricuspid valve leading to the pressure or atrial contraction being transmitted backwards into the venous system. [2]
Cardiac arrhythmia are caused by one of two major mechanisms. The first of arrhythmia is a result of enhanced or abnormal impulse formation originating at the pacemaker or the His-Purkinje network. The second is due to re-entry conduction disturbances. [21]
They are generally due to one of two mechanisms: re-entry or increased automaticity. [3] Diagnosis is typically by electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor, or event monitor. [4] Blood tests may be done to rule out specific underlying causes such as hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytomas, or electrolyte abnormalities. [4]
Invasive testing, such as electrophysiology studies, are not helpful in making the diagnosis, but they may be useful in ruling out a concomitant supraventricular tachycardia mechanism. [3] Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is a diagnosis of exclusion that is rarely made in an asymptomatic patient. [2]
Pre-excited AV re-entry tachycardia; Idiopathic RVOT tachycardia; Sarcoidosis; In order to make the diagnosis of ACM, a number of clinical tests are employed, including the electrocardiogram (EKG), echocardiography, right ventricular angiography, cardiac MRI, and genetic testing.
The underlying mechanism typically involves an accessory pathway that results in re-entry. [3] Diagnosis is typically by an electrocardiogram (ECG) which shows narrow QRS complexes and a fast heart rhythm typically between 150 and 240 beats per minute. [3] Vagal maneuvers, such as the Valsalva maneuver, are often used as the initial treatment. [4]