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  2. Cyclic redundancy check - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check

    The ITU-T G.hn standard also uses CRC-32C to detect errors in the payload (although it uses CRC-16-CCITT for PHY headers). CRC-32C computation is implemented in hardware as an operation ( CRC32 ) of SSE4.2 instruction set, first introduced in Intel processors' Nehalem microarchitecture.

  3. Computation of cyclic redundancy checks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computation_of_cyclic...

    For example, it would be entirely possible to compute a CRC 64 bits at a time using a slice-by-9 algorithm, using 9 128-entry lookup tables to handle 63 bits, and the 64th bit handled by the bit-at-a-time algorithm (which is effectively a 1-bit, 2-entry lookup table).

  4. Mathematics of cyclic redundancy checks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_cyclic...

    These inversions are extremely common but not universally performed, even in the case of the CRC-32 or CRC-16-CCITT polynomials. They are almost always included when sending variable-length messages, but often omitted when communicating fixed-length messages, as the problem of added zero bits is less likely to arise.

  5. List of hash functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hash_functions

    CRC-16: 16 bits CRC: CRC-32: 32 bits CRC: CRC-64: ... Verhoeff algorithm: 1 decimal digit sum Damm algorithm: 1 decimal digit Quasigroup operation: Universal hash ...

  6. High-Level Data Link Control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Level_Data_Link_Control

    The frame check sequence (FCS) is a 16-bit CRC-CCITT or a 32-bit CRC-32 computed over the Address, Control, and Information fields. It provides a means by which the receiver can detect errors that may have been induced during the transmission of the frame, such as lost bits, flipped bits, and extraneous bits.

  7. X.25 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.25

    X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet-switched data communication in wide area networks (WAN). It was originally defined by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT, now ITU-T) in a series of drafts and finalized in a publication known as The Orange Book in 1976.

  8. XMODEM - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMODEM

    XMODEM-1K was an expanded version of XMODEM-CRC, which indicated the longer block size in the sender by starting a packet with the <STX> character instead of <SOH>. Like other backward-compatible XMODEM extensions, it was intended that a -1K transfer could be started with any implementation of XMODEM on the other end, backing off features as ...

  9. cksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cksum

    cksum is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or standard input if no arguments are provided, and outputs the file's 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count. [1]