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A condensation particle counter or CPC is a particle counter that detects and counts aerosol particles by first enlarging them by using the particles as nucleation centers to create droplets in a supersaturated gas. [2] Three techniques have been used to produce nucleation: Adiabatic expansion using an expansion chamber.
The CPC and differential mobility particle sizers, including the scanning mobility particle sizer and fast mobility particle sizer, can measure aerosol concentration; the diffusion charger and electric low pressure impactor can measure surface area; the size selective static sampler and tapered element oscillating microbalance can measure mass.
A scanning aerodynamic size spectrometer (SASS) uses a condensation particle counter (CPC) downstream of an AAC to measure high resolution aerodynamic particle size distributions (APSD). The AAC's rotational speed is ramped up or down, continuously changing the size of particle passed, whist the CPC counts the particles.
The air now contains only particles of a certain diameter. The flow is introduced into a CPC, a condensation particle counter, which measures the concentration of particles in an aerosol sample. The CPC works by using butanol vapor condensation on the particles present in the air sample. The particles are exposed to butanol vapor heated to 39 °C.
Besides measuring the total mass of particles per unit volume of air (particle mass concentration), sometimes it is more useful to measure the total number of particles per unit volume of air (particle number concentration). This can be done by using a condensation particle counter (CPC). [96] [97]
In physics, particle detectors are used in the experimental study of radioactivity, nuclear physics and particle physics; they are also important as a surveillance tool in nuclear safety. Particle detectors may range from the simplest, such as photographic film and Geiger counters , to the most complex used in particle colliders .
The Monte Carlo method for radiation particle transport has its origins at LANL dates back to 1946. [3] The creators of these methods were Stanislaw Ulam, John von Neumann, Robert Richtmyer, and Nicholas Metropolis. [4] Monte Carlo for radiation transport was conceived by Stanislaw Ulam in 1946 while playing Solitaire while recovering from an ...
The SNSPD consists of a thin (≈ 5 nm) and narrow (≈ 100 nm) superconducting nanowire.The length is typically hundreds of micrometers, and the nanowire is patterned in a compact meander geometry to create a square or circular pixel with high detection efficiency.
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