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Hugh Rawson notices in his book Wicked Words that when looking at Roget's International Thesaurus, there are "89 synonyms for drunk, compared to 16 for sober, and 206 for bad person compared to 82 for good person. The synonyms for unchastity in the Thesaurus fill 140 lines, occupying exactly four times as much space as those for chastity.
Most online deception is subtle with slight exaggerations, representing people's attempts to portray themselves in the best possible light. [32] Of all online contexts, online dating appears the most prone to deception. In general, no matter the setting, people are more likely to be deceptive when looking for a date than in other social situations.
Another cue for detecting deceptive speech is the tone of the speech itself. Streeter, Krauss, Geller, Olson, and Apple (1977) have assessed that fear and anger, two emotions widely associated with deception, cause greater arousal than grief or indifference, and note that the amount of stress one feels is directly related to the frequency of ...
Avoiding other forms of wrong speech are also considered part of this precept, consisting of malicious speech, harsh speech, and gossip. [ 78 ] [ 79 ] A breach of the precept is considered more serious if the falsehood is motivated by an ulterior motive [ 77 ] (rather than, for example, "a small white lie"). [ 80 ]
Motivation impairment effect (MIE) [1] is a hypothesised behavioral effect relating to the communication of deception.The MIE posits that people who are highly motivated to deceive are less successful in their goal (compared to those who are less motivated) when their speech and mannerisms are observed by the intended audience.
Some studies have found that females tend to be more responsive to non-verbal cues in comparison to verbal cues. [5] Knowing a person's sex can also give insight into a person's non-verbal leakage, as males and females tend to display particular non-verbal leakage when telling the truth, which can also help to indicate when someone is telling a lie, as such behaviors would be suppressed. [6]
As text-independent technologies do not compare what was said at enrollment and verification, verification applications tend to also employ speech recognition to determine what the user is saying at the point of authentication. [citation needed] In text independent systems both acoustics and speech analysis techniques are used. [12]
Reverse speech is a pseudoscientific topic [1] [2] [3] first advocated by David John Oates which gained publicity when it was mentioned on Art Bell's nightly Coast to Coast AM radio talk show. [4] It is based upon the theory that during spoken language production , human speakers subconsciously produce hidden messages that give insights into ...