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Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a nerve-damaging side effect of antineoplastic agents in the common cancer treatment, chemotherapy. [1] CIPN afflicts between 30% and 40% of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
It is given by injection into a vein. [2] Side effects may include irritation of the vein in which it is given, high blood sugar, and swelling. [2] [3] Excess use may result in low blood sodium and other electrolyte problems. [2] Intravenous sugar solutions are in the crystalloid family of medications. [4]
This is primarily co-administered with L-DOPA to combat Parkinson's disease. Administration can prevent common side-effects, such as nausea and vomiting, as a result of interaction with D 2 receptors in the vomiting center (or cheomoreceptor trigger zone) located outside the blood–brain barrier .
In the cancer disease state, the interaction of PD-L1 on the tumor cells with PD-1 on a T-cell reduces T-cell function signals to prevent the immune system from attacking the tumor cells. [9] Use of an inhibitor that blocks the interaction of PD-L1 with the PD-1 receptor can prevent the cancer from evading the immune system in this way. [9]
Depending on its site of action, it can be used to treat different diseases. [3] They can be used to treat signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension (but not as first line agent), pheochromocytoma, extravasation management and reversal of local anesthesia. [3] benign prostatic hyperplasia Manifestation of Raynaud phenomenon
Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is a form of cancer immunotherapy. The therapy targets immune checkpoints, key regulators of the immune system that when stimulated can dampen the immune response to an immunologic stimulus. Some cancers can protect themselves from attack by stimulating immune checkpoint targets.
They are usually given intravenously, shortly before administration of the chemotherapeutic agent, [3] although some authors have argued that oral administration may be preferred. [4] The concomitant administration of a NK 1 receptor antagonist , such as aprepitant , significantly increases the efficacy of 5-HT 3 antagonists in preventing both ...
Cancer cell membranes have about sixteen times more insulin and IGF receptors than normal cells, and these receptors react with synthetic insulin. When insulin is administered, the cancer starves for glucose and generates enzyme activity that makes the cell membrane more permeable. The chemotherapy drug gets absorbed by the cancer.