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Bathing in Ancient China may be traced back to the Shang Dynasty, 3000 years ago (1600–1046 BCE). [citation needed] Archaeological findings from the Yinxu ruins show a cauldron to boil water, smaller cauldrons to draw out the water to be poured into a basin, skin scrapers to remove dirt and dead skin.
Lo writes that it is "the earliest extant treatise on the Chinese tradition of daoyin", which she defines as "a regimen which adjusted personal hygiene, grooming, exercise, diet, sleep and sexual behaviour to the changing qualities of the four seasons."
Gaki zōshi (餓鬼草紙, "Scroll of Hungry Ghosts").A gaki condemned to shit-eating watches a child wearing geta and holding a chūgi, c. 12th century.. Shit stick means "a thin stake or stick used instead of toilet paper" for anal hygiene and was a historical item of material culture introduced through Chinese Buddhism and Japanese Buddhism.
The ancient Greek civilization of Crete, known as the Minoan civilization, built advanced underground clay pipes for sanitation and water supply. [28] Their capital, Knossos , had a well-organized water system for bringing in clean water, taking out waste water and storm sewage canals for overflow when there was heavy rain.
Chinese bathhouses have thousands of years of history and consist of numerous variations. The Chinese word for bathhouses in general is zǎotáng (澡堂); although in the stricter sense may refer to traditional, low-cost Chinese bathhouses to contrast with modern, upmarket Chinese bathhouses known as xǐyù zhōngxīn (洗浴中心) or just xǐyù (洗浴).
Personal hygiene involves those practices performed by a person to care for their bodily health and well-being through cleanliness. Motivations for personal hygiene practice include reduction of personal illness, healing from illness, optimal health and sense of wellbeing, social acceptance, and prevention of spread of illness to others.
The history of anal hygiene, from the Greco-Roman world to ancient China and ancient Japan, involves the widespread use of sponges and sticks as well as water and paper. The inclusion of anal cleansing facilities is often overlooked in the design of public or shared toilets in developing countries.
The Sexual Life of Ancient China: A Preliminary Survey of Chinese Sex and Society from ca. 1500 B.C. till 1644 A.D. Leiden: Brill, 1961. OL 13350221W; Ruan Fang Fu. Sex in China: Studies in Sexology in Chinese Culture Plenum Press, 1991. OL 13567038W; Wik, Mieke and Stephan. Beyond Tantra: Healing through Taoist Sacred Sex. Findhorn Press, 2005.