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One GGE of natural gas is 126.67 cubic feet (3.587 m 3) at standard conditions. This volume of natural gas has the same energy content as one US gallon of gasoline (based on lower heating values: 900 BTU/cu ft (9.3 kWh/m 3) of natural gas and 114,000 BTU/US gal (8.8 kWh/L) for gasoline). [22]
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fuel gas mainly composed of methane (CH 4), compressed to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.It is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 20–25 megapascals (2,900–3,600 psi; 200–250 bar), usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes.
In 1994 the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) introduced gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) as a metric for fuel economy for natural gas vehicles. NIST defined a gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) as 5.660 pounds of natural gas, and gasoline liter equivalent (GLE) as 0.678 kilograms of natural gas. [18]
The compression ratio may be higher in engines running exclusively on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or "propane autogas") or compressed natural gas, due to the higher octane rating of these fuels. Kerosene engines typically use a compression ratio of 6.5 or lower.
Methane, the main component of natural gas, has an autoignition temperature of 580 °C, [48] whereas gasoline and diesel autoignite at approximately 250 °C and 210 °C respectively. With a compressed natural gas (CNG) engine, the mixing of the fuel and the air is more effective since gases typically mix well in a short period of time.
The Cummins L10 also has a sister engine which runs on compressed natural gas (CNG). [2] The engine was introduced in 1992 as the L10G before being replaced by the L Gas Plus in 2001 until it became the ISL G in collaboration with Westport Innovations in 2008, now based on the C-series engine architecture. The ISL engines were manufactured at ...
There are two types of autogas equipment and autogas stations as well: LPG (propane-butane mix) and compressed natural gas (CNG, methane). Natural gas is stored at a higher pressure than LPG (200 bar vs. 10 bar for LPG). The main consumer of LPG is commercial light-weight cargo transport (so as GAZelles in Russia are mostly LPG-powered).
Landfill gas is cheaper than natural gas and holds about half the heating value at 16,785 – 20,495 kJ/m3 (450 – 550 Btu/ft3) as compared to 35,406 kJ/m3 (950 Btu/ft3) of natural gas. [13] Boilers, dryers, and kilns are used often because they maximize use of the gas, limited treatment is needed, and the gas can be mixed with other fuels.