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  2. Taylor series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series

    The Taylor polynomials for ln(1 + x) only provide accurate approximations in the range −1 < x ≤ 1. For x > 1, Taylor polynomials of higher degree provide worse approximations. The Taylor approximations for ln(1 + x) (black). For x > 1, the approximations diverge. Pictured is an accurate approximation of sin x around the point x = 0. The ...

  3. Taylor's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor's_theorem

    In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a -times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree , called the -th-order Taylor polynomial. For a smooth function , the Taylor polynomial is the truncation at the order k {\textstyle k} of the Taylor series of the function.

  4. Taylor expansions for the moments of functions of random ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_expansions_for_the...

    In probability theory, it is possible to approximate the moments of a function f of a random variable X using Taylor expansions, provided that f is sufficiently differentiable and that the moments of X are finite. A simulation-based alternative to this approximation is the application of Monte Carlo simulations.

  5. Minimax approximation algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimax_approximation...

    Polynomial expansions such as the Taylor series expansion are often convenient for theoretical work but less useful for practical applications. Truncated Chebyshev series, however, closely approximate the minimax polynomial. One popular minimax approximation algorithm is the Remez algorithm.

  6. Euler numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_numbers

    The Taylor series of ⁡ + ⁡ = ⁡ (+) is =!, where A n is the Euler zigzag numbers, beginning with . 1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 16, 61, 272, 1385, 7936, 50521, 353792, 2702765 ...

  7. Pell number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell_number

    This sequence of approximations begins ⁠ 1 / 1 ⁠, ⁠ 3 / 2 ⁠, ⁠ 7 / 5 ⁠, ⁠ 17 / 12 ⁠, and ⁠ 41 / 29 ⁠, so the sequence of Pell numbers begins with 1, 2, 5, 12, and 29. The numerators of the same sequence of approximations are half the companion Pell numbers or Pell–Lucas numbers ; these numbers form a second infinite ...

  8. Runge's phenomenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runge's_phenomenon

    A ninth order polynomial interpolation (exact replication of the red curve at 10 points) In the mathematical field of numerical analysis , Runge's phenomenon ( German: [ˈʁʊŋə] ) is a problem of oscillation at the edges of an interval that occurs when using polynomial interpolation with polynomials of high degree over a set of equispaced ...

  9. Laplace's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace's_method

    Download QR code; Print/export ... [1] [2] Laplace approximations are used in the integrated nested Laplace approximations ... the second-order Taylor polynomial ...