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The effects of gaining long-term generalization knowledge through spaced learning can be compared with that of massed learning (lengthy and all at once; for example, cramming the night before an exam) [14] in which a person only gains short-term knowledge, decreasing the likelihood of establishing generalization.
Learning that takes place in varying contexts can create more links and encourage generalization of the skill or knowledge. [3] Connections between past learning and new learning can provide a context or framework for the new information, helping students to determine sense and meaning, and encouraging retention of the new information.
An argument by example (also known as argument from example) is an argument in which a claim is supported by providing examples. Most conclusions drawn in surveys and carefully controlled experiments are arguments by example and generalization.
Bird with earthworm: Shepard gives example of bird using "generalization," based on experience with one previous worm, to decide if another worm is edible. The universal law of generalization is a theory of cognition stating that the probability of a response to one stimulus being generalized to another is a function of the “distance ...
Hasty generalization (fallacy of insufficient statistics, fallacy of insufficient sample, fallacy of the lonely fact, hasty induction, secundum quid, converse accident, jumping to conclusions) – basing a broad conclusion on a small or unrepresentative sample. [55]
For example, when predicting how a person will react to a situation, inductive reasoning can be employed based on how the person reacted previously in similar circumstances. It plays an equally central role in the sciences, which often start with many particular observations and then apply the process of generalization to arrive at a universal law.
A generalization (more accurately, an inductive generalization) proceeds from premises about a sample to a conclusion about the population. [5] The observation obtained from this sample is projected onto the broader population. [5] The proportion Q of the sample has attribute A. Therefore, the proportion Q of the population has attribute A.
Stylized facts offer strong generalizations that are generally true for entire populations, even when the generalization may not be true for individual observations. A prominent example of a stylized fact is: "Education significantly raises lifetime income."