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In accounting, contingent liabilities are liabilities that may be incurred by an entity depending on the outcome of an uncertain future event [1] such as the outcome of a pending lawsuit. These liabilities are not recorded in a company's accounts and shown in the balance sheet when both probable and reasonably estimable as 'contingency' or ...
In the insurance context an actuarial reserve is the present value of the future cash flows of an insurance policy and the total liability of the insurer is the sum of the actuarial reserves for every individual policy. Regulated insurers are required to keep offsetting assets to pay off this future liability.
The actuarial present value (APV) is the expected value of the present value of a contingent cash flow stream (i.e. a series of payments which may or may not be made). Actuarial present values are typically calculated for the benefit-payment or series of payments associated with life insurance and life annuities. The probability of a future ...
Illustration of the payment streams represented by actuarial notation for annuities. The basic symbol for the present value of an annuity is . The following notation can then be added: Notation to the top-right indicates the frequency of payment (i.e., the number of annuity payments that will be made during each year).
IAS 37 establishes the definition of a provision as a "liability of uncertain timing or amount", and requires that all the following conditions be fulfilled before a provision can be recognized: the entity currently has a liability as a result of a past event; an outflow of resources is likely to be needed to settle the liability; and
The recording of the liability in the entity's balance sheet is matched to an appropriate expense account on the entity's income statement. In U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP), a provision is an expense. Thus, "Provision for Income Taxes" is an expense in U.S. GAAP but a liability in IFRS.
In financial accounting, a liability is a quantity of value that a financial entity owes. More technically, it is value that an entity is expected to deliver in the future to satisfy a present obligation arising from past events. [1] The value delivered to settle a liability may be in the form of assets transferred or services performed.
Illustration of the partial payout of Sum Insured against probability of occurrence. Condition of average (also called underinsurance [1] in the U.S., or principle of average, [2] subject to average, [3] or pro rata condition of average [4] in Commonwealth countries) is the insurance term used when calculating a payout against a claim where the policy undervalues the sum insured.