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Grace Riestra Claire Davie (born 1946) is a British sociologist who serves as professor emeritus of sociology at the University of Exeter. [1] She is the author of the book Religion in Britain Since 1945: Believing Without Belonging .
If heaven is a state of supernatural happiness and union with God, and Hell is understood as a state of torture and separation from God then, in this view, the Limbo of Infants, although technically part of hell (the outermost part, limbo meaning 'outer edge' or 'hem') is seen as a sort of intermediate state.
Saint Francis de Sales argued that, in the mention in Philippians 2:10 of every knee bowing at the name of Jesus "in heaven, on earth, and under the earth", "under the earth" was a reference to those in purgatory, since it could not apply to those in hell. [60]
In Islam, Jahannam (hell) is the final destiny and place of punishment in Afterlife for those guilty of disbelief and (according to some interpretations) evil doing in their lives on earth. [34] Hell is regarded as necessary for Allah's (God's) divine justice and justified by God's absolute sovereignty, and an "integral part of Islamic theology ...
Predestination of the elect and non-elect was taught by the Jewish Essene sect, [5] Gnosticism, [6] and Manichaeism. [7] In Christianity, the doctrine that God unilaterally predestines some persons to heaven and some to hell originated with Augustine of Hippo during the Pelagian controversy in 412 AD. [8]
In C. S. Lewis' novel The Great Divorce the narrator meets writer George MacDonald in heaven, who uses the quote "Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heav'n" as answer to the narrator's questions about heaven and hell. Frederick Buechner's debut novel, A Long Day's Dying, takes its title from Book 10 of Paradise Lost.
7th Heaven ran for 11 seasons — 10 seasons on The WB, and one fever dream of a season on The CW — between 1996 and 2007. Over the years, the series’ ever-changing cast included Ashlee ...
He said that the Orthodox understanding of Hell corresponds roughly to the Roman Catholic notion of purgatory. [50] American Eastern Orthodox theologian David Bentley Hart has also argued for the coherence of the universalist position, most notably in That All Shall Be Saved: Heaven, Hell, and Universal Salvation (2019). [51]