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Salt (sodium chloride) is the primary ingredient used in meat curing. [10] Removal of water and addition of salt to meat creates a solute-rich environment where osmotic pressure draws water out of microorganisms, slowing down their growth. [10] [11] Doing this requires a concentration of salt of nearly 20%. [11]
Similar to pickled foods, sugar cane was brought to Europe through the trade routes. [citation needed] In northern climates without sufficient sun to dry foods, preserves are made by heating the fruit with sugar. [5] "Sugar tends to draw water from the microbes (plasmolysis). This process leaves the microbial cells dehydrated, thus killing them.
Food processing is the transformation of agricultural products into food, or of one form of food into other forms. Food processing takes many forms, from grinding grain into raw flour , home cooking , and complex industrial methods used in the making of convenience foods .
Sugaring is a food preservation method similar to pickling.Sugaring is the process of desiccating a food by first dehydrating it, then packing it with pure sugar. This sugar can be crystalline in the form of table or raw sugar, or it can be dense liquid saturated with sugar such as honey, syrup or molasses.
Brix is used in the food industry for measuring the approximate amount of sugars in fruits, vegetables, juices, wine, soft drinks and in the starch and sugar manufacturing industry. Different countries use the scales in different industries: In brewing, the UK uses specific gravity X 1000; Europe uses Plato degrees ; and the US use a mix of ...
The process may be likened to how yeast ferments sugars to produce ethanol for wine, beer, or fuel, but the organisms that carry out the ABE fermentation are strictly anaerobic (obligate anaerobes). The ABE fermentation produces solvents in a ratio of 3 parts acetone, 6 parts butanol to 1 part ethanol.
A 2004 Oxfam report called EU sugar subsidies "dumping" and said they harm the world's poor. [9] A WTO ruling against the EU quota and subsidy system in 2005-2006 [10] forced the EU to cut its minimum price and quotas, and stop doing intervention buying. [7] The EU abolished some quotas in 2015, [11] [12] but minimum prices remain.
Food engineering is a scientific, academic, and professional field that interprets and applies principles of engineering, science, and mathematics to food manufacturing and operations, including the processing, production, handling, storage, conservation, control, packaging and distribution of food products.