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The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. [1] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of injuries, there are many causes—including accidents, falls, physical assault, or traffic accidents—that can cause head injuries.
A 2019 report commissioned by Congress found that for traumatic brain injury (TBI) exams, a condition that often co-occurs with PTSD, "although VBA has systems in place to review the consistency of its process, it does not appear to measure reliability or validity," and they recommended that VA institute "a program of standard patients [f] to ...
One complication in diagnosis is that symptoms of PCS also occur in people who have no history of head injury, but who have other medical and psychological complaints. [31] In one study 64% of people with TBI, 11% of those with brain injuries, and 7% of those with other injuries met the DSM-IV criteria for post-concussion syndrome. Many of ...
State regulators faulted two hospitals in Southern California for medication errors that put patients at risk, including one who suffered a brain bleed after receiving repeated doses of blood thinner.
In addition, outcome depends heavily on the cause of head injury. In the US, patients with fall-related TBIs have an 89% survival rate, while only 9% of patients with firearm-related TBIs survive. [173] In the US, firearms are the most common cause of fatal TBI, followed by vehicle accidents and then falls. [168]
Most deaths are attributed to massive head, neck, or thoracoabdominal injury, of which TBI accounted for between 50% and 88% and spinal cord injury between 1% and 13%. Ski fatalities occur between 0.050 and 0.196 per 100,000 participants. Head injuries represent 28.0% of all injuries in skiers and 33.5% for snowboarders. [51]
Brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells.Brain injuries occur due to a wide range of internal and external factors. In general, brain damage refers to significant, undiscriminating trauma-induced damage.
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