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The equivalent spherical diameter of an irregularly shaped object is the diameter of a sphere of equivalent geometric, optical, electrical, aerodynamic or hydrodynamic behavior to that of the particle under investigation.
Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography , and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy .
Spherical geometry or spherics (from Ancient Greek σφαιρικά) is the geometry of the two-dimensional surface of a sphere [a] or the n-dimensional surface of higher dimensional spheres.
The longest diameter is called the major axis. Conjugate diameters are a pair of diameters where one is parallel to a tangent to the ellipse at the endpoint of the other diameter. Several kinds of object can be measured by equivalent diameter, the diameter of a circular or spherical
In applied sciences, the equivalent radius (or mean radius) is the radius of a circle or sphere with the same perimeter, area, or volume of a non-circular or non-spherical object. The equivalent diameter (or mean diameter ) ( D {\displaystyle D} ) is twice the equivalent radius.
In fluid dynamics, Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is an average measure of particle size. It was originally developed by German scientist Josef Sauter in the late 1920s. [1] [2] It is defined as the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume/surface area ratio as a particle of interest. Several methods have been devised to obtain a good estimate ...
Sphere packing finds practical application in the stacking of cannonballs.. In geometry, a sphere packing is an arrangement of non-overlapping spheres within a containing space.
The spherical shape of the Earth was known and measured by astronomers, mathematicians, and navigators from a variety of literate ancient cultures, including the Hellenic World, and Ancient India. Greek ethnographer Megasthenes , c. 300 BC , has been interpreted as stating that the contemporary Brahmans of India believed in a spherical Earth as ...