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The Yenisei Inscriptions are a series of Old Turkic inscriptions from the 8th-10th century CE, found near Yenisei Kyrgyz kurgans located in the Upper and Middle basins of the Yenisei River in modern-day Russia in Khakassia, Tuva and the Altai Republic.
The Yenisey or Yenisei [8] (/ ˌ j ɛ n ɪ ˈ s eɪ / YEN-iss-AY; Russian: Енисе́й, pronounced [jɪnʲɪˈsʲej]) [a] is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean.
Not much is known about the history of the Yeniseian peoples. The Yeniseians were likely part of the Xiongnu confederation and were possibly associated with its ruling elite. It has also been suggested that they played an important role in the formation of the Hunnic Empire.
The Old Turkic script (also known variously as Göktürk script, Orkhon script, Orkhon-Yenisey script, Turkic runes) was the alphabet used by the Göktürks and other early Turkic khanates from the 8th to 10th centuries to record the Old Turkic language.
Duan Chengshi wrote in Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang that the mythological ancestors of Kyrgyz tribe (Jiānkūn bùluò 堅昆部落) were "a god and a cow" (神與牸牛), (unlike Göktürks, whose mythological ancestress was a she-wolf; or Gaoche, whose mythological ancestors were a he-wolf and a daughter of a Xiongnu chanyu), and that ...
The Ket people share their origin with other Yeniseian people and are closely related to other Indigenous people of Siberia and Indigenous peoples of the Americas. They belong mostly to Y-DNA haplogroup Q-M242. [4] According to a 2016 study, the Ket and other Yeniseian people originated likely somewhere near the Altai Mountains or near Lake Baikal.
Map of Yeniseian languages. The Yeniseian languages (/ ˌ j ɛ n ɪ ˈ s eɪ ə n / YEN-ih-SAY-ən; sometimes known as Yeniseic, Yeniseyan, or Yenisei-Ostyak; [notes 2] occasionally spelled with -ss-) are a family of languages that are spoken by the Yeniseian people in the Yenisei River region of central Siberia.
The earliest records of Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate were written during the Tang dynasty.The Kyrgyz did not keep reliable written records during this period. Before 201 BC, Xiongnu chanyu Modun conquered the Kyrgyzes, then known to Chinese as Gekun (鬲昆), along with the Hunyu (渾庾), Qushe (屈射), Dingling (丁零), and Xinli (薪犁).