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Hallux rigidus or stiff big toe is degenerative arthritis and stiffness due to bone spurs that affects the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) at the base of the hallux (big toe). Hallux flexus was initially described by Davies-Colley [ 1 ] in 1887 as a plantar flexed posture of phalanx relative to the metatarsal head.
Surgery may be considered when pain continues for a long period and the non-surgical therapies do not yield improvement. Surgical therapies include: Distal and proximal osteotomies of the 5th metatarsal can be used to correct the intermetatarsal and metatarsophalangeal angle causing the tailor's bunion.
X-ray showing measurements of HV and IM angles of hallux valgus. Bunions can be diagnosed and analyzed with a simple x-ray, which should be taken with the weight on the foot. [10] The hallux valgus angle (HVA) is the angle between the long axes of the proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal bone of the big toe.
Subungual hematoma; Other names: Runner's toe, tennis toe, skier's toe: Subungal haematoma of the fourth finger: Specialty: Internal medicine, Podiatry: Symptoms: Discoloration of nail, pain
Additionally, athletic shoes with very flexible soles combined with cleats that "grab" the turf will cause overextension of the big toe. This can occur on the lesser toes as well. It has also been observed in sports beyond American football , including soccer , baseball , basketball , rugby , volleyball , and tae kwon do . [ 5 ]
Hallux varus is a clinical condition characterized by medial deviation of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. [ 2 ] This condition, when acquired by adults, is usually caused by sports injury, surgical overcorrection of hallux valgus , or underlying causes such as arthritides .
Having the toes bent for long periods of time can cause the muscles in them to shorten, resulting in the hammer toe deformity. This is often found in conjunction with bunions or other foot problems (e.g., a bunion can force the big toe to turn inward and push the other toes). [4]
Degenerative arthritis of the distal (outer) big toe joint can occur as a complication of fractures, especially fractures to the proximal (inner) end and diaphysis (midsection) of the proximal bone. [10] If the proximal phalanx of the big toe is broken, hallux valgus (bunion) is a frequent complication. [10]