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The great majority of conifer genera and species are evergreen, retaining their leaves for several (2–40) years before falling, but unusual deciduous conifers occur in five genera (Larix, Pseudolarix, Glyptostrobus, Metasequoia and Taxodium), shedding their leaves in autumn and leafless through the winter.
The leaves are arranged either spirally, in decussate pairs (opposite pairs, each pair at 90° to the previous pair) or in decussate whorls of three or four, depending on the genus. On young plants, the leaves are needle-like, becoming small and scale-like on mature plants of many genera; some genera and species retain needle-like leaves ...
A silver fir shoot showing three successive years of retained leaves. Evergreen . In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year. [1] This contrasts with deciduous plants, which lose their foliage completely during the winter or dry season. Consisting of many different species, the ...
Plants that are intermediate may be called semi-deciduous; they lose old foliage as new growth begins. [10] Other plants are semi-evergreen and lose their leaves before the next growing season, retaining some during winter or dry periods. [11] Like a number of other deciduous plants, Forsythia flowers during the leafless season.
Fossil conifers included many diverse forms, the most dramatically distinct from modern conifers being some herbaceous conifers with no woody stems. [6] Major fossil orders of conifers or conifer-like plants include the Cordaitales, Vojnovskyales, Voltziales and perhaps also the Czekanowskiales (possibly more closely related to the Ginkgophyta).
It is one of two general types of trees, the other being a conifer, a tree with needle-like or scale-like leaves and seeds borne in woody cones. [1] Broad-leaved trees are sometimes known as hardwoods. [2] Most deciduous trees are broad-leaved [3] but some are coniferous, like larches. [4]
Members of the family Pinaceae are trees (rarely shrubs) growing from 2 to 100 metres (7 to 300 feet) tall, mostly evergreen (except the deciduous Larix and Pseudolarix), resinous, monoecious, with subopposite or whorled branches, and spirally arranged, linear (needle-like) leaves. [3] The embryos of Pinaceae have three to 24 cotyledons.
Vegetation classification is the process of classifying and mapping the vegetation over an area of the Earth's surface. Vegetation classification is often performed by state based agencies as part of land use, resource and environmental management.