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Cervonic acid (or docosahexaenoic acid) has 22 carbons, is found in fish oil, is a 4,7,10,13,16,19-hexa unsaturated fatty acid. In the human body its generation depends on consumption of omega 3 essential fatty acids (e.g., ALA or EPA), but the conversion process is inefficient. [ 22 ]
In cellular metabolism, unsaturated fat molecules contain less energy (i.e., fewer calories) than an equivalent amount of saturated fat. The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid (i.e., the more double bonds in the fatty acid) the more susceptible it becomes to lipid peroxidation .
Saturated fatty acids 16 and 18 carbons in length are the dominant types in the epidermis, [39] [40] while unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids of various other lengths are also present. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] The relative abundance of the different fatty acids in the epidermis is dependent on the body site the skin is covering. [ 40 ]
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors to and are derived from polyunsaturated fats, which include drying oils. [3] Chemical structure of the polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid 3D representation of linoleic acid in a bent conformation Chemical structure of α-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega−3 fatty acid
In biochemistry and nutrition, a monounsaturated fat is a fat that contains a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), a subclass of fatty acid characterized by having a double bond in the fatty acid chain with all of the remaining carbon atoms being single-bonded. By contrast, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have more than one double bond.
Delta - indicating that the double bond is created at a fixed position from the carboxyl end of a fatty acid chain. For example, Δ9-desaturase creates a double bond between the ninth and tenth carbon atom from the carboxyl end. Omega - indicating the double bond is created at a fixed position from the methyl end of a fatty acid chain. For ...
Linoleic acid (LA) is an organic compound with the formula HOOC(CH 2) 7 CH=CHCH 2 CH=CH(CH 2) 4 CH 3. Both alkene groups (−CH=CH−) are cis. It is a fatty acid sometimes denoted 18:2 (n−6) or 18:2 cis-9,12. A linoleate is a salt or ester of this acid. [5] Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated, omega−6 fatty acid.
The terms ω−3 ("omega−3") fatty acid and n−3 fatty acid are derived from the nomenclature of organic chemistry. [2] [20] One way in which an unsaturated fatty acid is named is determined by the location, in its carbon chain, of the double bond which is closest to the methyl end of the molecule. [20]