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In winter, this relatively warm water, even though covered by the polar ice pack, keeps the North Pole from being the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere, and it is also part of the reason that Antarctica is so much colder than the Arctic. In summer, the presence of the nearby water keeps coastal areas from warming as much as they might ...
As such, the climate of much of the Arctic is moderated by the ocean water, which can never have a temperature below −2 °C (28 °F). In winter, this relatively warm water, even though covered by the polar ice pack , keeps the North Pole from being the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere , and it is also part of the reason that ...
Global warming, caused by greenhouse gas forcing is responsible for the decline in Arctic sea ice. The decline of sea ice in the Arctic has been accelerating during the early twenty-first century, with a decline rate of 4.7% per decade (it has declined over 50% since the first satellite records).
It is a major pathway for sea ice to leave the Arctic. It is estimated that more than 90% of the Arctic Sea Ice exported from the Arctic takes place within the East Greenland Current. [2] The volume of ice exported on an annual scale is a strong function of multiple atmospheric variables (wind, temperature, etc.) and oceanic variables and dynamics.
Every year, sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean shrinks to a low point in mid-September. As the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has shown, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are ...
Cold subsides when the vortex restabilizes and drives the arctic air back north. January’s freeze-out comes after December started cold, but finished out unusually warm across most of the country.
The cold freshwater therefore floats on top and the halocline across which mixing tends to be weak [6] even under ice free conditions [7] and therefore protects the surface from the heat in the Atlantic water. [8] Under the Atlantic water layer is a deep layer of Arctic bottom water extending to the bottom of the ocean.
A Sudden Stratospheric Warming miles above the North Pole (a natural event) with a warmed Arctic due to climate change piggy backing on that pattern = unstable PV & wavy extreme jet stream, with ...