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The second route is known as the peripheral route and this takes place when a person is not thinking carefully about a situation and uses shortcuts to make judgments. This route occurs when an individual's motivation or ability are low. [6] Steven Sloman produced another interpretation on dual processing in 1996.
Elaboration likelihood model is a general theory of attitude change.According to the theory's developers Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo, they intended to provide a general "framework for organizing, categorizing, and understanding the basic processes underlying the effectiveness of persuasive communications".
ELM's central processing has been likened to systematic processing in HSM, while peripheral processing is similar to HSM's heuristic processing. These two routes of processing define related theories behind attitude change. In ELM, the central route is reflective and requires a willingness to process and think about the message. The peripheral ...
The lexical route is the process whereby skilled readers can recognize known words by sight alone, through a "dictionary" lookup procedure. [1] [4] According to this model, every word a reader has learned is represented in a mental database of words and their pronunciations that resembles a dictionary, or internal lexicon.
The central route pertains to an elaborate cognitive processing of information while the peripheral route relies on cues or feelings. The ELM suggests that true attitude change only happens through the central processing route that incorporates both cognitive and affective components as opposed to the more heuristics-based peripheral route.
The model's main theory is that when confronted with a fear-inducing stimulus, humans tend to engage in two simultaneous ways of message processing: a perceived efficacy appraisal (cognitive processing) and a perceived threat appraisal (emotional processing). Differences in message appraisal then lead to two behavioural outcomes, with ...
Specificity of processing describes the increased recall value of a stimulus when presented in the method with which it was inputted. For example, auditory stimuli (spoken words and sounds) have the highest recall value when spoken, and visual stimuli have the highest recall value when a subject is presented with images. [6]
The ability to adequately filter information from pre-attentive processing to attentive processing is necessary for the normal development of social skills. [14] For acoustic pre-attentive processing, the temporal cortex was believed to be the main site of activation; however, recent evidence has indicated involvement of the frontal cortex as well.