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The architecture of Istanbul describes a large mixture of structures which reflect the many influences that have made an indelible mark in all districts of the city. The ancient part of the city (the historic peninsula) is still partially surrounded by the Walls of Constantinople , erected in the 5th century by Emperor Theodosius II to protect ...
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Air pollution in Turkey, such as fine dust from traffic, is a serious problem in Istanbul. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Although the historic peninsula was partially pedestrianised in the early 21st century, [ 3 ] a 2015 study found that this is the part of the city which would benefit most from a low emission zone . [ 4 ]
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Istanbul's first private university, Koç University, was founded as late as 1992, because private universities were not allowed in Turkey before the 1982 amendment to the constitution. [312] Istanbul is also home to several conservatories and art schools, including Mimar Sinan Academy of Fine Arts, founded in 1882. [317]
Map of Byzantine Constantinople with the hills names in brown. The seven hills, all located in the area within the walls, first appeared when the valleys of the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus were opened up during the Secondary and Tertiary periods.
Image Name Meaning of the name Construction dates Commissioned by Notes Topkapı Palace: Mehmed II called the palace Sarây-ı Cedîd (New Palace).The palace received its current name during Mahmud I's reign when the seaside palace, the Cannon Gate Palace by the Sea (Topkapusu Sâhil Sarâyı) was destroyed in a fire, and its name was changed to the New Palace.
İstiklal Avenue once again became the center for fine arts and leisure in Istanbul and real estate prices skyrocketed. Numerous new art galleries, bookstores, cafés, pubs, restaurants, shops and hotels were opened in and around the street, and venues around it became the host to many international art festivals, such as the annual Istanbul ...