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Genghis Khan [a] (born Temüjin; c. 1162 – August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, [b] was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes , he launched a series of military campaigns , conquering large parts of China and Central Asia .
Genghis Khan assigned four Mongol mingghans: the Sanchi'ud (or Salji'ud), Keniges, Uushin, and Je'ured clans to Jochi. [180] By the beginning of the 14th century, noyans from the Sanchi'ud, Hongirat , Ongud (Arghun), Keniges, Jajirad, Besud, Oirat , and Je'ured clans held importants positions at the court or elsewhere.
Genghis Khan led the Mongol army westwards in late 1219 to invade Khwarizm as retaliation for the execution of Mongol ambassadors. With roughly 100,000 armed men, the Mongol army was numerically superior to the forces of the Khwarizim Empire , and through deception and rapid maneuver, the Mongols defeated the isolated Khwarezm armies in detail ...
The second Khan of the Mongol Empire. Töregene Khatun: 1242 - 1246 Regent of the Mongol Empire until the election of her son, Güyük Khan. Güyük Khan: August 24, 1246 - April 20, 1248 The third Khan of the Mongol Empire. Oghul Qaimish: 1248 - 1251 Regent of the Mongol Empire until her death in 1251. Möngke Khan: July 1, 1251 - August 11 ...
After the Mongol invasion of Europe, Batu Khan left Nogai with a tumen (10,000 warriors) in modern-day Moldavia and Romania as a frontier guard. He was a nephew of Berke Khan as well as Batu Khan and Orda Khan, and under his uncle, he became a powerful and ambitious warlord.
This civil war, along with the Berke–Hulagu war and the subsequent Kaidu–Kublai war, greatly weakened the authority of the great khan over the entirety of the Mongol Empire, and the empire fractured into four khanates: the Golden Horde in Eastern Europe, the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Ilkhanate in Iran, and the Yuan dynasty [a ...
Ögedei Khan, the third son of Genghis Khan and the second Great Khan, proclaimed the Great Yassa as an integral body of precedents at his coronation at the kurultai of 1229. [4] He confirmed the continuing validity of his father's commands and ordinances, and added his own. Ögedei codified rules of dress, as well as the conduct of the kurultais.
Mongol forces, headed by Genghis's son Ögedei Khan, began a slow, steady invasion of the south. Song resistance was fierce, resulting in a prolonged series of campaigns; however, the primary obstacles to the prosecution of the Mongol campaigns was unfamiliar terrain that was inhospitable to their horses, new diseases, and the need to wage ...