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The Kingdom of the Netherlands During World War II (Dutch: Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog) is the standard reference on the history of the Netherlands during World War II. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The series was written by Loe de Jong (1914–2005), director of the Dutch Institute for War Documentation ( Nederlands Instituut voor ...
The Dutch called back William Frederick, the son of the last stadtholder, to head the new government. He was proclaimed "sovereign prince". In 1815, he raised the Netherlands to the status of a kingdom and proclaimed himself King William I. The kingdom was enlarged with the Southern Netherlands, now Belgium and Luxembourg, soon after.
The first king of the Netherlands, William I, founded the Military Order of William and a civilian order, the Order of the Netherlands Lion. His successors founded several orders of merit and some two hundred medals, stars and crosses. The Netherlands never established a colonial order for the Dutch East Indies.
For example in 1504, Ferdinand II of Aragon had recently become King of Sicily (in 1501), and Vladislaus II of Hungary was also King of Bohemia. Despite being listed as having greater precedence than certain duchies, Genoa, Venice and Florence were in reality republics. Attempts to change the Papal order of precedence took place in numerous ...
The monarch is also the Grand Master of the Dutch orders of knighthoods: the Order of Orange-Nassau, [Law 1] the Order of the Netherlands Lion [Law 2] and the Military William Order. [ Law 3 ] Lastly, the monarch plays a prominent but equally unofficial role in the running of the country as an adviser and confidant to the government.
Governor of Dutch Brazil Field Marshal of the Dutch Army: Mary II Queen of England: William III 1650–1702 Prince of Orange 1650 Stadholder of Holland, Zealand, etc, 1672 King of England, 1689: ceded claims to the lands of Orange to France in 1713 but kept right to use the title in its German form. Kings of Prussia and later German Emperors
The order of precedence in the United Kingdom is the sequential hierarchy for Peers of the Realm, officers of state, senior members of the clergy, holders of the various Orders of Chivalry, and is mostly determined, but not limited to, birth order, place in the line of succession, or distance from the reigning monarch.
In 1940, the Order was awarded to soldiers who had served with extreme valour in the defence of the Netherlands from the invasion by Nazi-Germany. In 1944 and 1945, with the liberation of the Netherlands from German occupation, the Order was again awarded, this time to Dutch citizens as well as members of the Allied forces for deeds of gallantry.