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During the Spanish colonization of the Americas from the 16th to 19th centuries, the Spanish Empire established many hundreds of Catholic missions throughout their colonies in the Americas. These missions were founded and staffed by numerous Catholic religious orders of regular clergy. The following is a list of these missionaries to New Spain.
The Leopoldine Society was an organization established in Vienna for the purpose of aiding Catholic missions in North America. Based on the French model of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, the Leopoldine Society was founded in 1829 in Vienna, and named in memory of the Emperor's daughter.
Catholic missions were installed throughout the Americas in an effort to integrate native populations as part of the Spanish culture; from the point of view of the Monarchy, naturals of America were seen as Crown subjects in need of care, instruction and protection from the military and settlers, many of which were in the pursuit of wealth ...
Catholic Historical Review 101.2 (2015) pp. 242–273. Hsia, R. Po-chia. "The Catholic Historical Review: One Hundred Years of Scholarship on Catholic Missions in the Early Modern World." Catholic Historical Review 101.2 (2015): 223–241. online, mentions over 100 articles and books, mostly on North America and Latin America.
San Miguel Mission, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, established in 1610, is the oldest church in the United States.. The Catholic Church in the United States began in the colonial era, but by the mid-1800s, most of the Spanish, French, and Mexican influences had demographically faded in importance, with Protestant Americans moving west and taking over many formerly Catholic regions.
The missions were established as part of the colonial drive of France and Spain during the period, the "saving of souls" being an accompaniment of the constitution of Nouvelle-France and early colonial Mexico. The efforts of the Jesuits in North America were paralleled by their China missions on the other side of the world, and in South America.
"Unlike all Protestant churches in America, the Roman Catholic church depended for its identity upon keeping doctrinal and administrative unity with a European-based authority." [ 40 ] The papacy was cautious of the freedom found in the United States as it showed similarities to the attitudes behind the French Revolution.
The first Catholic church in Dayton, Emmanuel Church, opened in 1837. [8] Soon additional parishes were formed in Hamilton and St. Martin, Brown County. Reverend Emmanuel Thienpont pioneered many parishes in the archdiocese. [9] Pope Pius VII erected the Diocese of Cincinnati on June 19, 1821, taking all of Ohio from the Diocese of Bardstown. [10]