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Liver biopsy is the biopsy (removal of a small sample of tissue) from the liver. It is a medical test that is done to aid diagnosis of liver disease , to assess the severity of known liver disease, and to monitor the progress of treatment.
Cytology is the name given to the branch of biology that deals with the formation, structure and functionality of the cells. [1] Liver cytology specializes in the study of liver cells. The main liver cells are called hepatocytes; however, there are other cells that can be observed in a liver sample such as Kupffer cells (macrophages). [2]
[5] [7] [66] [28] Liver biopsy is also the gold standard to detect hepatic fibrosis and assess its progression. [70] Routine liver function blood tests are not sensitive enough to detect MASLD, and biopsy is the only procedure that can reliably differentiate NAFL from NASH. [16] There are several liver biopsy techniques available to obtain ...
The stain is an important histochemical stain used to demonstrate the distribution and amount of iron deposits in liver tissue, often in the form of a biopsy. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Perls's procedure may be used to identify excess iron deposits such as hemosiderin deposits ( hemosiderosis ) and in conditions such as hereditary hemochromatosis . [ 8 ]
Councilman bodies were first identified in yellow fever, which characteristically shows a midzonal hepatic necrosis on biopsy. Similar inclusions are observed in other viral hemorrhagic fevers and all of the viral hepatitides. Liver biopsy of acute viral hepatitis shows panlobular lymphocytic infiltrates with ballooning hepatocytes. [4]
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a diagnostic procedure used to investigate lumps or masses.In this technique, a thin (23–25 gauge (0.52 to 0.64 mm outer diameter)), hollow needle is inserted into the mass for sampling of cells that, after being stained, are examined under a microscope ().
FibroTest has the same prognostic value as a liver biopsy. FibroSure uses quantitative results of five serum biochemical markers, α2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A1, bilirubin, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), with a patient’s age and gender to generate a measure of fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in the liver.
Some tumors may be difficult to biopsy, such as sarcomas. Other rare tumors may be dangerous to biopsy, such as pheochromocytoma. In general, a fine-needle aspiration can be done anywhere it is safe to put a needle, including liver, lung, kidney, and superficial masses. Proper cytopathology technique takes time to master.