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The history of horse domestication has been subject to much debate, with various competing hypotheses over time about how domestication of the horse occurred. The main point of contention was whether the domestication of the horse occurred once in a single domestication event, or that the horse was domesticated independently multiple times.
Therefore, the domestic horse today is classified as Equus ferus caballus. No genetic originals of native wild horses currently exist. The Przewalski diverged from the modern horse before domestication. It has 66 chromosomes, as opposed to 64 among modern domesticated horses, and their Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forms a distinct cluster. [15]
Steven Pinker's opus has proven equally flawed. Pinker's work primarily examined hybrid cultures that settled in a single place. Agriculture and horse domestication are recent inventions, ten thousand and five thousand years old, respectively, so cultures engaged in these activities are not representative of our fifty thousand-year-old ancestors.
The domestication of the horse had a wide-ranging effect on the steppe cultures, and Anthony has done fieldwork on it. [28] Bit wear is a sign of horse-riding, and the dating of horse teeth with signs of bit wear gives clues for the dating of the appearance of horse-riding. [ 29 ]
Equine ethics is a field of ethical and philosophical inquiry focused on human interactions with horses. It seeks to examine and potentially reform practices that may be deemed unethical, encompassing various aspects such as breeding, care, usage (particularly in sports), and end-of-life considerations.
Anthony has done real research on horse domestication (the domestication of the horse article cites Anthony, David W.; Brown, Dorcas (2000). "Eneolithic horse exploitation in the Eurasian steppes: diet, ritual and riding". Antiquity 74: 75-86 and Brown, Dorcas; Anthony, David W. (1998). "Bit Wear, Horseback Riding and the Botai site in Kazakstan".
Extinct equids restored to scale. Left to right: Mesohippus, Neohipparion, Eohippus, Equus scotti and Hypohippus. Wild horses have been known since prehistory from central Asia to Europe, with domestic horses and other equids being distributed more widely in the Old World, but no horses or equids of any type were found in the New World when European explorers reached the Americas.
Most notably, it has perhaps the earliest evidence of horse domestication), with finds suggestive of cheek-pieces . However, there is no conclusive proof that those horses were used for riding since they were mainly employed for gathering food. [10] Sredny Stog periodization and chronology have undergone a revision in recent years.