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Alcohol intoxication leads to negative health effects due to the recent drinking of large amount of ethanol (alcohol). [6] [20] When severe it may become a medical emergency. Some effects of alcohol intoxication, such as euphoria and lowered social inhibition, are central to alcohol's desirability. [21]
Despite common use of the term, a study from the Ohio State University found that the average female college student gains two pounds and the average male college student gains three pounds (1 and 1.5 kg, respectively) in their first year. Additionally, the research showed that the gain was a half pound (around 200 grams) more than non-college ...
Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration or blood alcohol level, is a measurement of alcohol intoxication used for legal or medical purposes. [1] BAC is expressed as mass of alcohol per volume of blood. In US and many international publications, BAC levels are written as a percentage such as 0.08%, i.e. there is 0.8 ...
The impact of alcohol on weight-gain is contentious: some studies find no effect, [144] others find decreased [145] or increased effect on weight gain. Alcohol use increases the risk of chronic gastritis (stomach inflammation); [3] [146] it is one cause of cirrhosis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis in both its chronic and acute forms.
Smoking has a significant effect on an individual's weight. Those who quit smoking gain an average of 4.4 kilograms (9.7 lb) for men and 5.0 kilograms (11.0 lb) for women over ten years. [156] However, changing rates of smoking have had little effect on the overall rates of obesity. [157]
Alcohol abuse encompasses a spectrum of alcohol-related substance abuse, ranging from the consumption of more than 2 drinks per day on average for men, or more than 1 drink per day on average for women, to binge drinking or alcohol use disorder.
Males experience greater symptoms when withdrawing from alcohol. [109] There are gender differences when it comes to rehabilitation and relapse rates. For alcohol, relapse rates were very similar for men and women. For women, marriage and marital stress were risk factors for alcohol relapse. For men, being married lowered the risk of relapse. [110]
Delirium tremens is a component of alcohol withdrawal hypothesized to be the result of compensatory changes in response to chronic heavy alcohol use. Alcohol positively allosterically modulates the binding of GABA , enhancing its effect and resulting in inhibition of neurons projecting into the nucleus accumbens , as well as inhibiting NMDA ...